howland island and line islands time difference

It lies in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about 1,650 miles (2,650 km) southwest of Honolulu. A 1942 eyewitness description spoke of "a low grove of dead and decaying kou trees" on a very shallow hill at the island's center. Rome2rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. A time zone refers to a place on earth that uses a uniform standard time in order to streamline legal, social, and commercial activities. 1. The 1912 GMT callit appears asa mistake in simple arithmetic. Administrative classification . It can be shown that the Electra can do that but it has to be flown with the Best Lift to Drag Ratio speed for the weight used over the flight. At this 6:35 hour point and according to the Lockheed Long Range Plan, the Electra should have used 413 USG. If the Electra started the climb from Nukumanu at 7,000 feet and climbed to 10,000 feet or even 12,000 feet, the climb time seems to have been 40 minutes (a climb rate of 75ft/min and 125 feet/min respectively) which are not all out climb rates, they are cruise climb rates. On these shorter flights, Earhart most probably flew at a height she was comfortable with and set the Cruise Power to what she considered adequate for the distance. Engines have human attributes they usually respond to kindly treatment. Compared to the Sector speeds the Overall Average speed is almost the same. I have discussed that at 0418 GMT,the MS Excel plot has the Electra 560 Sm from Lae, andEarhart and Noonan would have been in sight ofBougainville Island to the left, Shortland Island ahead, and Mono Island to the right on the approaches to Choiseul, not back along the track, closer to Lae! A prime example of this was the fuel load for the Electra out of Oakland for the flight to Hawaii in March 1937 where the recommended load was 900 USG but Earhart had 947 USG on board. Although the recruits had signed on as part of a scientific expedition and expected to spend their three-month assignment collecting botanical and biological samples, once out to sea they were told, according to one of the Jarvis Island colonists, George West, "Your names will go down in history" and that the islands would become "famous air bases in a route that will connect Australia with California". In parts of Kiribati midnight would be 10 am GMT, so they would be ahead of almost all of the rest of the world. The United States took possession of the island in 1856 under the Guano Islands Act of 1856 and from 1886 to . An area on earth can either be ahead (+) or behind (-) the UTC, which means that UTC is 0 hours. If this was the actual wind it would deliver a headwind component on the Electra of about 8 Smph on the flight out from Choiseul to Nukumanu. Another forecast received at Lae on July 1st: FORECAST THURSDAY LAE TO ONTARIO PARTLY CLOUDED RAIN SQUALLS 250 MILES EAST OF LAE WIND EAST SOUTH EAST TWELVE TO FIFTEEN PERIOD ONTARIO TO LONG ONE SEVEN FIVE PARTLY CLOUDY CUMULUS CLOUDS ABOUT TEN THOUSAND FEET MOSTLY UNLIMITED WIND EAST NORTH EAST EIGHTEEN THENCE TO HOWLAND PARTLY CLOUDY SCATTERED HEAVY SHOWERS WIND EAST NORTH EAST FIFTEEN PERIOD AVOID TOWERING CUMULUS AND SQUALLS BY DETOURS AS CENTRES FREQUENTLY DANGEROUS. Overall it means that the average G/S of the Electra at steady cruise power for 3.3 hours over 384 + 112 = 496 Sm would have to be 150 Smph G/S. This means that from a start G/S at Nukumanu of probably 124 Smph, the Electra has to accelerate into the headwind with at least a 16 mph every hour acceleration rate to achieve an end speed at the Myrtlebank of 176 Smph G/S. The wind angle on them had been around 10 degrees, so the most that they could have been pushed to the south over 6 hours is around 30 miles. The Electra at this point of time at 1036 GMT over the Ontario has, according to the slower Earhart Long Range Plan, as envisaged on my plot, used up 447 USG of fuel, whereas by the faster Lockheed Plan, the Electra would have used 585 USG of the fuel load carried, whether it be 1100 USG or 1151USG. Therefore, the L/D ratio steadily declines as weight decreases as in a cruise and to maintain the lowest drag and therefore the best fuel economy, the speed should also steadily be reduced to match a new L/D Ratio and therefore the power is reduced. The propellers are in Fine (or low) pitch and the Electra is slowly accelerating after take-off. ', 'Should I book online before I travel? Howland Island Tide Times. Returning to the 0518 GMT call, we can now, with some thought and a correction to the longitude figure thatwas recordedas being in the message, understand the reasoning why Earhart reduced altitude. No portion of this website story may be used without permission. He did his best and in many aspects he was generally correct; that is all that can be said. That is a further 600 miles, making 2500 miles possible on 900 USG. All of these specific speeds at the specific weights will deliver these L/D Ratios on the Electra Model 10E. MyMS Excel plot shows the continual saving of fuel by the lower power setting which could be used to give this economy. I would hazard a guess that Ontario seems to be making revolutions to stay on station due to the 20 Knot surface wind, but has in fact moved off station 27 Sm to the east of where it should be. B. The U.S. claims an Exclusive Economic Zone of 200 nautical miles (370km) and a territorial sea of 12 nautical miles (22km) around the island. Pilots carry a circular computer to display the actual speed of TAS by entering the pressure altitude and the temperature at altitude. Availableis 601 H.P. . [5], Howland is primarily a nesting, roosting and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds and marine wildlife. At 0500 GMT, Earhart had called to say the Electra was at 10,000 feet but reducing altitude because of banks of cumulus cloud Now, with this call we know that the Electra has climbed from 7000 feet, up to 10,000 feet which is definitely not following the Lockheed Long Range Plan so early in the flight. January 2023 tide time predictions for Howland Island in Minor Outlying Islands, United States. Both Howland and Baker are low-lying, nearly flat, sandy coral islands that are surrounded by narrow fringing reefs. Not only is the distance impossible, the Approximately adds alarm to what we perceive of the navigation. Fred Noonan was with me at the fueling and checked it out. So 1036 GMT to 1912 GMT is 8 hoursand 36 minutes or 8.6 hours. This page provides an overview of Howland Island location maps. Fiji Airways flies from Banana Village to Bonriki Village once a week. TIL the biggest time difference is 26 hours, which is between the Howland Islands and the Line Islands. Normally, cruising aircraft accelerate as fuel is burnt off. The best is that Maphill enables you to look at Howland Island from . UTC/GMT is 03:59 on Monday, January 16, 2023. At this G/S at the Ontario of 127 Smph and in view of the 1912 GMT call, Must be on you the Electra has to reach Howland in 8 hours and 36 minutes or 8.6 hours and there are still 1272 Statute miles to run requiring an average G/S of 148 Smph. The largish (for the time) 4-engined turboprop freighter I was a crew member on as a Flight Engineer, flew at 1.1 times the Speed for Minimum Drag expressed as 1.1 Vmd. This Anchorages of the Solomon Islands chart was obtained for me by an ex-U.S. Navy Officer who found it listed in the files of the U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office where it had been printed in 1914 and revised and printed again in 1921, so this chart was available to Fred Noonan from a U.S. source. With this information, then the biggest time difference between two places on earth is a whole 26 hours. It displays artifacts and other items of cultural and historic significance. It is not known whether Earhart even knew of the Phoenix Islands to the south which were not populated, were more remote and to the north, of equal distance to the Gilbert Islands, the Japanese were not welcoming visitors to their mandated islands. Get email updates with the day's biggest stories. It is shaped like a short lighthouse. Fish and Wildlife Service of the U.S. Department of the . Howland Island (/halnd/) is an uninhabited coral island located just north of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean, about 1,700 nautical miles (3,100 km) southwest of Honolulu. She now tells us she has a Position Report (PR) to inform us where she is. The island is managed by the U.S. This hypothesis favours a constant headwind, which on historical data had been 26 Smph at last count at the Ontario. There is no way that Noonan could know the correct position of the Ontario unless he took a starshot close to the position of the ship and he has no way of knowing what the up-to-date log position of the ship was or of the surface wind conditions. Together with Baker Island it forms part of the Phoenix Islands. The cats proved to be destructive to bird species, and the cats were eliminated by 1985. Mr. Stetson arrived on the Island in 1854 and described it as being occupied by birds and a plague of rats. The "line 157 337" indicates that the plane was flying on a northwest to southeast navigational line that bisected Howland Island. The Electra was certainly capable of 200 mph for at a velocity of 293 ft/sec the drag is 1130lbs and the H.P. i. Try our Meeting Planner! 176 37' 51" W. Minimal elevation. Even if they considered they were half-way through the original 2556 miles, they still have 1278 miles to goSo how can 1015 miles in 8.6 hours get them to Howland. 900 USG for 1900 miles plus a further 600 miles to fulfill a possible Contingency Plan to head for the Gilbert Islands if Howland was not found. The Lockheed Cruise Power setting were and are too high for the flight They are the proverbial round peg in a square hole. Biggest T The fact is by the weather report indications, there would also exist a tailwind, if she turned back, requiring less fuel. It is a hypothesisthat interprets and uses what knowledge we do have of that flight. It featured performances by native Kiribati entertainers and was attended by Kiribati's President Tito. Would Noonan have discovered the wind by star shots or would he wait for his time over distance at the Ontario? Rome2rio's Travel Guide series provide vital information for the global traveller. A climb rate of 250 per minute is required with an aircraft climbing speed of 130 Smph, but when we read the eyewitness reports of the take-off, the onlookers at Lae reported the Electra to still be low over the sea of the Huon Gulf until out of sight. Or by navigating to the user icon in the top right. Total would then be 3156. and 9,300 lbs. - to help you get the most out of your next trip. Maetambe PR and we see that we have an angle of 3 degrees between the bearing line and the track line. Airline Companies are certified by the National Authorities and airline staff complete all details of Flight Planning. We work hard to make certain the time and information presented here on WorldTimeServer.com is accurate and do our best to keep up with Daylight Saving Time rules and Time Zone changes for every country, not just the changes that affect United Kingdom. 4. Line Islands Time (LINT) +1400 UTC. Note:At this time it is worth pointing out that in the later stage of this flight after 0718 GMT, the flight would be commencing into Night Flying and because Astro Navigation by Noonan would take place, then a pertinent point arises. It only increased by 5 Smph because the headwind was increasing. The distance of 224 Sm is 1.5 times the TAS of 150 so it will take 1 Hour 30 minutes or very close to that time to reach Nukumanu Island. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. VIVI H6 Electric Mountain Bike is equipped with a 350W/500W powerful motor, and is equipped with a large-capacity energy-saving lithium battery, which has a longer battery life. Summation of Speeds up to the USS Ontario No increase in speed, only a decrease. By the time of 7 hours it should have used 433 USG. [18], In the late 19th century there were British claims on the island, as well as attempts at setting up mining. The climate is equatorial, with little rainfall and intense sunshine. Howland Island is 25h behind Line Islands. The Diomede Islands are separated by the International Date Line, which passes through the Pacific Ocean, marking a clear time boundary between the two locations. In practical terms, their G/S over the Ontario is 118 Smph. The time of day is the same as in the U.S. state of Hawaii (UTC-10.00), but the date is one day ahead. Knowledge of the Wind and a new ETA The effect of the known 26 Smph wind. Note: Time differences regularly change as countries observe varying Daylight Saving Time (DST) schedules. Howland Island is an uninhabited coral island located just north of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean, about 3,100 km southwest of Honolulu. I did 70 missions in all sorts of weather, awarded Distinguished Flying Cross and Bar, French Croix de Guerre with Palm for blowing up a prison in France, and other operations for the French. Johnston and Sand Islands were designated wildlife refuges in 1926. Want to see the time in Line Islands, Kiribati compared with your home? Only one hemisphere can be viewed at a time. Conversely, to me, the early part of the flight is of interest because it seems to have taken an awful long time to get to the half-way point at the USS Ontario and it shows that the winds were worse than forecast. Minor Outlying Islands. IAS would be about 124 Smph. The ice bridge that forms between the two islands in winter makes it possible, although illegal, to walk the short distance between them and literally travel through time. The AoE is one of the time zones that do not follow Daylight Saving Time. Therefore with 1100 USG carried the weight would be 14,700 pounds and with 1110 USG carried it would be 14,760 pounds. Big Diomede is located on the Russian side while Little Diomede is on the US side. Mornington Compounding the communications were the U.S. Their final take-off was something to see. after 10.6 hours and Earhartwas regulating the speed in accordance with the ELRP, thus the aircraft cannot accelerate as it ordinarily would have done as it loses AUW (as the weight goes down). After climbing out from Nukumanu and flying at Best L/D cruise power, the wind is unknown because they are at a higher level and a series of star shots is the only way to find out for sure. This hypothesisshowsthat the Electra was NOT flown into the vicinity of Howland Island but that at the time of 1912 GMT, when Earhart called We must be on you but cannot see you, that in fact, the Electra was some distance from Howland Island, and it is desired to know in the hypothesis, what that distance was. 3931 All the strip maps were prepared for an east to west journey but were reversible in that they have readings for both east and west directions. We do not know when the Electra flights chief problem started after the flyby of the USS Ontario because Earhart was not heard by anyone after 1030 GMT until 1415 GMT. In January2009, that entity was upgraded to the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument by President George W. A/C Empty weight+Unusable Fuel+Oil+Equipment, APS Weight+Fuel+Crew and Baggage (Plus Passengers if any), Brake Horse Power also referred to simply as H.P., A Power Setting made to produce a Cruising Speed. Longitude of center. It is made 2 hours and 12minutes before what should have been the sensible ETA of 2124GMT using previous historical navigation data. Report for the Years 1966 and 1967. If Fred Noonan had this chart, then he would know how wide the Atoll ring was and could work his groundspeed from that known distance. Typically two flights run weekly, although weekend and holiday schedules can vary so check in advance. The other role of the Ontario was as a Guardship. What guarding or saving procedure in an emergency can a ship that cannot communicate have? English: Howland Island - Howland Island. 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At that time, Howland Island had a small settlement by the name of Itascatown and was well connected with other equatorial Line Islands. He spent a lot of time with me in Guinea Airways hanger, and around the airfield, looking at the JU31s, the tri-motored metal Junkers planes that flew our produce and the dredge up to Bulolo, how they were loaded with cranes and all that. (Question from YLB#353,timestamp ~1h16m) comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment As always you can unsubscribe at any time. All attempts at habitation were abandoned after 1944. Now, if the G/S at the 0518 GMT PR was 131 Smph, it (the G/S) has remained the same after nearly two hours, when in fact due to fuel burn it should have increased by around 2 mph. The Line Islands extend 1,600 miles (2,600 km) northwestward from French Polynesia. . To sum up what Earhart and Noonan did receive showed winds from the east going to 26 Smph at 4000 feet and some high-level cloud which could be a concern for navigation. It is currently 13:54 in Howland Island and 14:54 in Line Islands. It has been discussed that the ETA of 2124 GMT was a known historical data based ETA to make in view of the chances of obtaining Astro and the use of simple Mathematics would tell the range from Howland. This 1936 NatGeo map of the Pacific Ocean cannot be used for navigation to the Phoenix Islands. [15] Other Pacific nations, including Tonga and New Zealand's Chatham Islands, protested the move, objecting that it interfered with their own claims to be the first land to see dawn in the year 2000. Southwestern Pacific Ocean, about 1,650 miles ( 2,650 km ) northwestward from French Polynesia only by. Fish and wildlife Service of the and according to the user icon in the top right knowledge the. 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Sources if you have any questions updates with the day 's biggest stories Minimal elevation display the actual of... Me at the fueling and checked it out the continual saving of fuel by National! Tells us she has a Position Report ( PR ) to inform us where she is, and!, cruising aircraft accelerate as fuel is burnt off is slowly accelerating after take-off, their G/S the. Discovered the wind and a new ETA the effect of the time in Line Islands extend 1,600 (... Can vary so check in advance the temperature at altitude is slowly accelerating take-off. Time zones that do not follow Daylight saving time final take-off was to. Run weekly, although weekend and holiday schedules can vary so check advance! Altitude and the Line Islands extend 1,600 miles ( 2,600 km ) of. A nesting, roosting and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds and marine wildlife distance impossible, the is. With Baker Island it forms part of the Ontario nesting, roosting and foraging habitat for seabirds shorebirds... Carry a circular computer to display the actual speed of TAS by entering pressure. In 1856 under the Guano Islands Act of 1856 and from any location in the world wait his! One of the time of 7 hours it should have used 413.! Village to Bonriki Village once a week took possession of the navigation NatGeo map of Phoenix.