[107] There was an important uprising against Ottoman rule in Sofia, Samokov and Western Bulgaria in 1737. Sofia is ranked as Beta- global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. : +359 2 49 49 315 E-mail:largo@info-sofia.bg, Info Point Chitalnyata (The reading room), Tel. Serdica was the capital of the Diocese of Dacia (337-602). Heinrichs. The fall of the strategic city prompted a major and ultimately disastrous invasion of Bulgaria by the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I, which led to his demise at the hands of the Bulgarian army. Right in front of this museum if the Saint Nikolay Church, which is an architectural landmark. 151156. The Edict of Toleration by Galerius was issued in 311 in Serdica by the Roman emperor Galerius, officially ending the Diocletianic persecution of Christianity. The Central Railway Station is the primary hub for domestic and international rail transport, carried out by Bulgarian State Railways (BDZ), the national rail company headquartered in the city. After World War II and the establishment of a Communist government in Bulgaria in 1944, the architectural style was substantially altered. Sofia was designated as European Capital of Sport in 2018. [48], Summers are quite warm and sunny. The Boyana Film studios was at the centre of a once-thriving domestic film industry, which declined significantly after 1990. Effective offender classification is essential in corrections, not only to support daily management and administration, but also to keep the system responsive to changing offender demographics, sentencing statutes, and agency policy. There are two ski centers on Mount Vitosha to accommodate visitors to this very popular sports destination. Sofia was declared the national capital in 1879. ", "Museum of Socialist Art National Gallery", "NATIONAL STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Information for the area of city of Sofia", " , . [78], The earliest tribes who settled were the Thracian Tilataei. III. ODRC attempts to place incarcerated individuals in an appropriate security level prison in a geographic area reasonably close to the incarcerated individual's home to facilitate visitation by loved ones. For example, one of the citys most popular venues for business forums and trade fairs is the National Palace of Culture. It was the citys major church during the Middle Ages, and under the Ottomans, it was used as a mosque. Sixteen checklists allow administrators to assess performance and effectiveness of jail operations. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The data generated through the classification process can also be used for operational, management, and planning purposes. With its cultural significance in Southeast Europe, Sofia is home to the National Opera and Ballet of Bulgaria, the National Palace of Culture, the Vasil Levski National Stadium, the Ivan Vazov National Theatre, the National Archaeological Museum, and the Serdica Amphitheatre. Limes. In 1925, a terrorist act of ultra-leftists failed their attempted assassination of the king but resulted in the destruction of the Saint Nedelya Church and many victims. Sofia Municipality is identical to Sofia City Province, which is distinct from Sofia Province, which surrounds but does not include the capital itself. [207], A number of secondary language schools provide education in a selected foreign language. "Als sie die Dentheleten angriffen, kam Crassus diesen zur. These include the First English Language School, 91st German Language School, 164th Spanish Language School, and the Lyce Franais. The decision was announced in November 2014 by the Evaluation Committee of ACES Europe, on the grounds that "the city is a good example of sport for all, as means to improve healthy lifestyle, integration and education, which are the basis of the initiative.". Founded thousands of years ago, today the city continues to develop as the country's cultural and economic center. Stalinist Gothic public buildings emerged in the centre, notably the spacious government complex around The Largo, Vasil Levski Stadium, the Cyril and Methodius National Library and others. The origin is in the Greek word sophia () "wisdom". The people with juridical status divorced or widowed are either part of the factual singles or those having another type of partnership, each of the two constitutes by around 10% of the population aged over 20. In the coldest days temperatures can drop below 15C (5F), most notably in January. By the time of its liberation the population of the city was 11,649. [116] Sofia's architecture combines a wide range of architectural styles, some of which are aesthetically incompatible. [28] The metropolitan region of Sofia is inhabited by a population of 1.66million. Without a doubt, one of the most beautiful buildings in Sofia is the Ivan Vazov National Theater. The Edict implicitly granted Christianity the status of "religio licita", a worship recognised and accepted by the Roman Empire. This is noticeably changing in the past years. In total there were 11 big and over 100 small mosques by the 17th century. Among its highlights is the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, one of the symbols of Bulgaria, constructed in the late 19th century. [173] The influx of workers from other parts of the country became so intense that a restriction policy was imposed, and residing in the capital was only possible after obtaining Sofianite citizenship. [84][85][86] The ancient city is located between TZUM, Sheraton Hotel and the Presidency. The natural growth rate during 2009 was 0.2 per mile, the first positive growth rate in nearly 20 years. A number of shallow rivers cross the city, including the Boyanska, Vladayska and Perlovska. The authors examine issues related to classification of female jail inmates by profiling the female inmate population and discussing problems associated with using a single classification system for both male and female inmates or a gender-neutral system. Borisov Park is right in the center of the city, and South Park is next to the National Palace of Culture. Being Bulgaria's primate city, Sofia is home of many of the major local universities, cultural institutions and commercial companies. [36], The name Sofia comes from the Saint Sofia Church,[37] as opposed to the prevailing Slavic origin of Bulgarian cities and towns. [10] The metropolitan area of Sofia is based upon one hour of car travel time, stretches internationally and includes Dimitrovgrad in Serbia. [216][217] All five of Bulgaria's supercomputers and supercomputing clusters are located in Sofia as well. We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on all phases of new-jail planning. Inmates incarcerated in the ADOC will be classified into groups by security level, custody, and program needs as defined in the ADOC Classification Manual. Directly across from the church is The National Gallery of Art, which often exhibits works by world-famous artists. Several smaller parks, among which the Vazrazhdane Park, Zaimov Park, City Garden and the Doctors' Garden, are located in central Sofia. Out of 464,865 homes 432,847 have connection to the communal sanitary sewer, while 2,732 do not have any. [200] Additionally, all-electric vehicles are available through carsharing company Spark, which is set to increase its fleet to 300 cars by mid-2019.[201]. Among the architects invited to work in Bulgaria were Friedrich Grnanger, Adolf Vclav Kol, and Viktor Rumpelmayer, who designed the most important public buildings needed by the newly re-established Bulgarian government, as well as numerous houses for the country's elite. There are around 13,000 taxi cabs operating in the city. Many Bulgarian residents of Sofia armed themselves and sided with the Russian forces. [125] A precedent happened, due to the suspicion, as a preventative action between 300 and 5000 people and counters had been locked inside Arena Armeets against their will for two days,[126] following which the director of the Electoral Commission of Sofia resigned at the request of Prime Minister Boyko Borisov. The author outlines specific aspects of system implementation, automation, monitoring, and evaluation of OJC systems. Virtually the entire city (900,000 households and 5,900 companies) is centrally heated, using residual heat from electricity generation (3,000 MW) and gas- and oil-fired heating furnaces; total heat capacity is 4,640 MW. Following the defeat of the crusader forces in 1444, the city's Christians faced persecution. The city has an extensive green belt. In the 1st century BC, Serdika was captured by the Romans, who transformed it into a Roman city. Sofia has a humid continental climate (Kppen climate classification Dfb; Cfb if with 3C isotherm) with an average annual temperature of 10.9C (51.6F). The data says that roughly a third of the total population have already earned a university degree. Iztok Zapad, 2005. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980 (. Some of the biggest telecommunications companies, TV and radio stations, newspapers, magazines, and web portals are based in Sofia, including the Bulgarian National Television, bTV and Nova TV. In 1870 the Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski established a revolutionary committee in the city and in the neighbouring villages. Two natural sciences museumsthe Natural History Museum and Earth and Mandisplay minerals, animal species (alive and taxidermic) and rare materials. A notable local basketball team is twice European Champions Cup finalist Lukoil Akademik. Fourteen chapters comprise this guide: introduction; role, purpose, and characteristics of the jail; administration; facilities; staffing and scheduling; staff recruiting, selection, and retention; staff training; security, safety, and emergency preparedness; inmate behavior management; inmate discipline and grievance; special management; inmate services and programs; jail intake and release; and getting started on the job. Inmate Detail - CANO-CIFUENTES, JUAN LUIS. [citation needed] During the war, Sofia was flown by the Romanian Air Corps, which engaged on photoreconnaissance operations and threw propaganda pamphlets to the city. Issues examined include: age of facilities; accreditation; compliance with policy and procedure standards; adequacy of policy and procedure manuals; adequacy of staffing; staff turnover; compliance with staffing standards; compliance with staff training standards; exceeding capacity; coordinating councils; pretrial services programs; availability of specific pretrial services; use of jail alternatives; compliance classification standards; objective jail classification; housing configurations; compliance with security standards; adequacy of security capabilities; compliance with documentation standards; quality of documentation; use of automated jail management systems; data exchange with other criminal justice agencies; Internet access; funding authority relations; compliance with standards concerning fire codes; compliance with work site safety standards; compliance with health and sanitation standards; and cleanliness and sanitation. Only over 1% of the juridically married do not de facto live within marriage. However, the end of the old administration and centrally planned system also paved the way for chaotic and unrestrained construction, which continues today. The Boyana Church, a UNESCO World Heritage site, contains realistic frescoes, depicting more than 240 human images and a total 89 scenes, were painted. Its Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy will operate the largest cyclotron in the country. While the 1818 and 1858 earthquakes were intense and destructive, the 2012 Pernik earthquake occurred west of Sofia with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a much lower Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). In 809, Serdica was incorporated into the Bulgarian Empire by Khan Krum and became known as Sredets. This process will consider behavior and such other objective factors as are available and relevant when assessing an individual's institutional security needs. During the Communist Party rule, a number of the city's most emblematic streets and squares were renamed for ideological reasons, with the original names restored after 1989.[115]. Public investments in infrastructure, education and local economy brought greater diversity to the city. Private automobile ownership has grown rapidly in the 1990s; more than 1,000,000 cars were registered in Sofia after 2002. [33][34] It became a municipium during the reign of Emperor Trajan (98117). In the 15th and 16th century, Sofia was expanded by Ottoman building activity. The common head of Sofia Municipality and all the 38 settlements is the mayor of Sofia. In July 2016 the Vitosha Metro Station was opened on the M2 main line. In the 13th and 14th centuries Sredets was an important spiritual and literary hub with a cluster of 14 monasteries in its vicinity, that were eventually destroyed by the Ottomans. Vitosha mountain is a popular hiking destination due to its proximity and ease of access via car and public transport. After the Liberation War, knyaz Alexander Battenberg invited architects from Austria-Hungary to shape the new capital's architectural appearance.[117]. In general, the capital is a shoppers delight, since Sofia is still one of the major crossroads on the Balkan Peninsula for a trade of all kinds The citys annual celebration is observed on September 17, in honor of the martyrdom of Saint Sofia and her three daughters Vyara (Faith), Nadezhda (Hope), and Lyubov (Love).